Journal Articles

"The Emergent Properties of a New Financial Market: American Venture Capital Syndication from 1960 to 2005"; (with Pietro Urso and Gordon Walker), Management Science, 2007, 53: 1181–1198.

Exploring complexity when diversity is limited: Institutional complementarity in theories of rule of law and national systems revisited" (with Charles Ragin), European Management Review, 2006, 3:44-59.

"Prototypes and Strategy: Assigning Causal Credit Using Fuzzy Sets" (with John Paul MacDuffie and Charles Ragin), European Management Review, 2004, 1: 114-131.

"Distributed Knowledge and Creativity in the International Software Industry," (with Anca Metiu); Management International Review, 2004, 44.

"The International Monetary Fund and the Global Spread of Privatization”, (with Nancy Brune and Geoffrey Garrett), International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, 2004, 51: 195-219.

Real Option Pricing and Organizations: The Contigent Risks of Extended Theoretical Domains,” (with Nalin Kulatilaka), Academy of Management Review, 2004, 29: 102–110.

A Memoir and Reflection: Knowledge and an Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Firm Ten Years Later,” (with Udo Zander), Journal of International Business Studies, Nov. 2003, 34: 505-515.

Restructuration ou Désintégration du Réseau des Firmes Allemandes” (with Gordon Walker), Gérer et Comprendre, 2003, 74 : 14-24 ; reprinted "Restructuring or Disintegration of the German Corporate Network: Globalization as a Fifth Column" (in Russian) Theorical and Practical aspects of Management, 2004, 4: 64-70.

Petits Mondes et Globalisation : Une Perspective Comparative” (with Gordon Walker), Gérer et Comprendre, 2003, 74 : 6-13.

Does Good Science Lead to Valuable Knowledge? Biotechnology Firms and the Evolutionary Logic of Citation Patterns,” (with Michelle Gittelman), Management Science, 2003, 49: 366-382. reprinted in The Economics of Biotechnology edited by Maureen Mc Kelvey, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden and Luigi Orsenigo, Facolta di Ingegneria, Universita Degli Studi di Brescia, Italy. 2005.

Dialogue on Organization and Knowledge” (with Anna Grandori), Organization Science, 2001, 13: 224-31.

Open-Source Software Development and Distributed Intelligence” (with Anca Metiu), Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2001, 17: 248-64.

Capital Market Development and Mass Privatization are Logical Contradictions: Lessons From Russia and the Czech Republic” (with Andrew Spicer), Industrial and Corporate Change, 2002, 11: 1-37.

"The Small World of Germany and the Durability of National Ownership Networks,” (with Gordon Walker), American Sociological Review, 2001, 66: 317-35.

Capabilities as Real Options,” (with N. Kulatilaka), Organization Science, 2001, 12: 744-58, reprinted in Real Options and Internationak Investment edited by Alan M.Rugman, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA and Jing Li, Faculty of Business Adminiqtration, Simon fraser University, Canada, 2005.

Entrepreneurship and Privatization in Central Europe: The Tenuous Balance Between Destruction and Creation,” (with Andrew Spicer and Gerald McDermott), Academy of Management Review,  2000, 5: 630-49.

Agency and Institutions: National Divergences in Diversification Behavior,” (with Gordon Walker and Jaideep Anand), Organization Science, 2002, 31: 162-178.

The Network as Knowledge: Generative Rules and the Emergence of Structure,” Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21: 405-425.

Did Socialism Fail To Innovate? A Natural Experiment of the Two Zeiss Companies,” (with Udo Zander), American Sociological Review, 2000, 65: 169-190.

Localization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks”, (with Paul Almeida), Management Science, 1999, 45: 905-917.

Evolution of the Large Firm in France in Comparative Perspective,” Entreprises et Histoire, 1998, 19: 113-151.

Adoption of the Multidivisional Structure: Analyzing History from the Start,” (with David Parkinson), Industrial and Corporate Change, 1998, 7: 249-273.

 Technological Capabilities of Countries, Firm Rivalry, and Foreign Direct Investment,” (with Jaideep Anand), Journal of International Business Studies, 1997, 28: 445-46.

The Exploration of Technological Diversity and the Geographic Localization of Innovation,” (with Paul Almeida), Small Business Economics, 1997, 9: 21-31.

Platform Investments and Volatile Exchange Rates: Direct Investment in the U.S. By Japanese Electronic Companies,” (with S.J. Chang), Review of Economics and Statistics, 1996, 78: 221-231.

Social Capital, Structural Holes, and the Formation of an Industry Network,” (with Gordon Walker and Weijian Shan), Organization Science, 1997, 8: 109-125. Reprinted in The Economics of Biotechnology edited by Maureen Mc Kelvey, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden and Luigi Orsenigo, Facolta di Ingegneria, Universita Degli Studi di Brescia, Italy. 2005

Technological Platforms and Diversification,” (with D.J. Kim), Organization Science, 1996, 7: 283-301.

What Firms Do: Coordination, Identity, and Learning,” (with U. Zander), Organization Science, 1996, 7: 502-518.

Knowledge, Market Failure and the Multinational Enterprise: A Reply,” (with U. Zander), Journal of International Business Studies, 1995; reprinted in Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Change, Vol. 1, ed. John Cantwell, (part of larger series The Globalization of the World Economy, series ed. Mark Casson), Edward Elgar Pub.

Direct Investment, Hysteresis and Real Exchange Rate Volatility,” (with N. Kulatilaka),  Journal of Japanese and International Economics, 1996, 10: 12-36.

Options Thinking and Platform Investments: Investing in Opportunity,” (with N. Kulatilaka), California Management Review, 1994, 36:52-71.

Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test,” (with U. Zander), Organization Science, 1995, 6: 76-92.

Interfirm Cooperation and Startup Innovation in the Biotechnology Industry,” (with W. Shan and G. Walker), Strategic Management Journal, 1994, 15: 387-394.

Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Enterprise,” (with U. Zander), Journal of International Business Studies, 1993, 24: 625-645 ; reprinted in Transforming International Organizations, edited by William G. Egelhoff, Northampton: MA, Edward Elgar Publishing, 1997.

Cooperation and Entry Induction as an Extension of Technological Rivalry,” (with G. Walker and D. J. Kim), Research Policy, 1995, 24: 77-95.

Operating Flexibility, Global Manufacturing, and the Option Value of a Multinational Network,” (with N. Kulatilaka), Management Science, 1995, 40: 123-139, reprinted in Real Options and Internationak Investment edited by Alan M.Rugman, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA and Jing Li, Faculty of Business Adminiqtration, Simon fraser University, Canada, 2005

National Organizing Principles of Work and the Erstwhile Dominance of the American Multinational Corporation,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 1992, 1:285-326.

Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology,” (with U. Zander), Organization Science, 1992, 3:383-97 ; reprinted in Resources, Firms, and Strategies.  A Reader in the Resource-based Perspective, ed. N. Foss:  Oxford University Press.

Country Capabilities and the Permeability of Borders,” Strategic Management Journal, 1991, 12: 33-47.

Technological Capabilities and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in the United States,” (with S.J. Chang), Review of Economics and Statistics, 1991, 73: 401-413 ; reprinted in Technology Transfer and Business Enterprise, edited D.J. Jeremy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, reprinted in Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Change, Vol. 2, edited by John Cantwell: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Joint Ventures and the Option to Expand and Acquire,” Management Science, 1991, 37: 19-33 ; reprinted in International Mergers and Acquisitions, A Reader, Ed. Buckley and Ghauri, London: Thomson Learning, 2002, reprinted in Real Options and Internationak Investment edited by Alan M.Rugman, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA and Jing Li, Faculty of Business Adminiqtration, Simon fraser University, Canada, 2005

The Stability of Joint Ventures, Reciprocity and Competitive Rivalry,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 1989, 38: 183-198 ; reprinted in Cooperative Forms of Transnational Corporation Activity, Volume 13 of the United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations, edited P. Buckley, London/New York: Routledge, 1993; reprinted in Coalitions in International Business, edited G. Jones, Oxford: Edward Elgar Publishing, forthcoming.

Research Notes and Communications: A Note on Global Strategies,” Strategic Management Journal, 1989, 10: 383-389 ; reprinted in International Strategic Management: Challenges and Opportunities, ed. F. R. Root and K. Visudtibhan, Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1992.

The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode,” (with H. Singh), Journal of International Business Studies, 1988, 19: 411-432 ; reprinted in The International Library of Management, United Kingdom: Dartmouth House, 1996; reprinted in Strategic Alliances, ed. Paul Beamish, London: Edgar Elgar, 1997; reprinted in An Anthology from Journal of International Business, ed. Paul W. Beamish and Xioyue Chen, Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002.

Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives,” Strategic Management Journal, 1988, 9: 319-332 ; reprinted in Cooperative Forms of Transnational Corporation Activity, Volume 13 of the United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations, edited P. Buckley, London/New York: Routledge, 1993; reprinted in Strategic Alliances, edited Paul W. Beamish, Edward Elgar Publishing, London.

A Study of the Life Cycle of Joint Ventures,” Management International Review, 1988, 28: 39-52, published also in Cooperative Strategies in International Business, edited F. Contractor and P. Lorange, Lexington, MA: Lexington Press, 1987; reprinted in Multinational Corporations, ed. Mark Casson, London: Edward Elgar, 1990.

On Designing Contracts to Guarantee Enforceability: Theory and Evidence from East-West Trade,” Journal of International Business Studies, 1986, 17: 47-61.

Designing Global Strategies: Profiting from Operational Flexibility,” Sloan Management Review, 1985, 27: 27-38 ; reprinted in Strategic Management of Multinational Corporations: The Essentials, edited H. Wortzel and J. Wortzel, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1990; reprinted in Transnational Corporations, ed. C. Bartlett and S. Ghoshal, New York: Irwin; reprinted in Readings in International Business, edited R. Aliber, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992.

Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and Competitive Value-added Chains,” Sloan Management Review, 1985, 26: 15-28 ; reprinted in Strategic Management of Multinational Corporations: The Essentials, edited H. Wortzel and J. Wortzel, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1990.

Normative Observations on the International Value-added Chain and Strategic Groups,” Journal of International Business Studies, Fall, 1984.

Chapters in Books

Kogut and Andrew Spicer, “Transition Economies,” in J. Beckert and M. Zafirovski (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology, 2005.

“Direct Investment and Corporate Governance:  Will Multinational Corporations ‘Tip’ Countries Towards Institutional Change?” (with J. M. Macpherson), and “Introduction”: (with Peter Cornelius), Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy, eds. Peter Cornelius and Bruce Kogut, New York: Oxford  University Press.

Hamel, Gary (1954-) and Prahalad, C.K. (1941-),” International Encylclopedia of Business and Management, 2nd Edition, ed. Malcolm Warner, London: Thomson Learning, 2001.

“Strategy, Heuristics, and Real Options,” (with N. Kulatilaka), Handbook on Strategy, ed. David Faulkner and Andrew Campbell, Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2002.

The Transatlantic Exchange of Ideas and Practices: National Institutions and Diffusion,” A New American Challenge and the Organization of Transatlantic Learning, ed. Frederique Sachwald, Institut Francais des Relations Internationales, Paris, 2001.

International Management and Strategy,” Handbook of Strategy and Management, ed. by A. Pettigrew, H. Thomas, and R. Whittington, 2002.

The Facts, Neil Said, Nothing but the Facts…Whose Facts? Answered David,” Advances in Strategic Management, ed. Joel Baum and Frank Dobbin, 2000.

Methodological Contributions in International Business and the Direction of Academic Research Activity,” Oxford Handbook of International Business, eds. Tom Brewer and Alan Rugman, 2001.

Multinational Corporations,”  International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, ed. N. J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, pp 10197-10204,  Oxford: Pergamon.

 “Globalization,” (with M. Gittelman), in The Handbook of International Business, Ed. Rosalie Tung, London: International Thompson Business Press, 1998;  Reprinted 1999;  Updated 2000 and published in International Enclyclopedia of Business and Management, 2nd edition, Ed. Malcolm Warner; London: Thomson Learning.

Identity, Procedural Knowledge, and Institutions: Functional and Historical Explanations for Institutional Change”, in Ökonomische Leistungsfähigkeit und institutionelle Innovation. Das deutsche Produktions- und Politikregime im internationalen Wettbewerb, Eds. Naschold, Frieder, David Soskice, Bob Hancké & Ulrich Jürgens, WZB-Jahrbuch 1997 (Berlin: Sigma).

Comments,” in Europe’s Economy Looks East. Implications for Germany and the European Union, Ed. Stanley Black, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Foreign Direct Investment, Experimentation, and Governance in Transition Economies,” in Corporate Governance in Central and Eastern Europe, Eds. C. Gray, R. Frydman, and A. Rapacynski, World Bank, 1995.

Comments on the Papers by Professors Wakasuji and Weinstein,” in Foreign Direct Investment in Japan: Why So Little?” Ed. M. Yoshitomi, London: Routledge, 1996.

A Comment,” comment on chapter by Hideki Yamawaki “Patterns of Entry of Japanese Multinationals into US and European Manufacturing Industries,” in Japanese Direct Investment in a Unifying Europe: Impacts on Japan and the European Community, Eds. D. Encarnation and M. Mason, 1994.

How Control Systems Can Support Flexibility,” (with C. Ittner), in Redesigning the Firm, Eds. Edward Bowman and Bruce Kogut, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

“An Evolutionary Perspective on the Multinational Corporation,” International Business Inquiry: An Emerging Vision, Eds. Doug Nigh and Brian Toyne, Columbus, SC: USC Press, 1995.

An Evolutionary Perspective on the NAFTA,” in Multinationals In North America, Ed. Lorraine Eden, Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1994.

Platform Technologies and National Industrial Networks,” (with G. Walker and D.J. Kim), in Technology Strategies in International Markets, Ed. J. Hagedoorn, London: Routledge.

The Make or Cooperate Decision in the Context of an Industry Network,” (with Weijian Shan and Gordon Walker), in Network Organizations, Eds. Robert Eccles and Nitin Nohria, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1992.

Knowledge of the Network and the Network as Knowledge,” (with W.J. Shan and G. Walker), in The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks, Ed. Gernot Grabher, London: Routledge, 1992.

The Diffusion of American Organizing Principles to Europe,” (with D. Parkinson), in Country Competitiveness: Technology and the Organizing of Work, Ed. B. Kogut, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

National Specificities and the Context of Change: The Co-evolution of Organization and Technology,” (with G. Dosi), in Country Competitiveness: Technology and the Organizing of Work, Ed. B. Kogut, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

“The Importance of Being Inert: Country Imprinting and International Competition,” in Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation, Eds. S. Ghoshal and E. Westney, New York: MacMillan, 1992.

The Permeability of Borders and the Speed of Learning among Countries,” in Globalization of Firms and the Competitiveness of Nations, Eds. J.H. Dunning, B. Kogut and M. Blomstrom, Lund University Press, 1991.

Some Comments on Joint Ventures and Their Prospects in the Soviet Union,” Managing the Globalization of Business, Eds. Donald Lessard and Christiano Antonelli, STOA, Naples: Editorale Scientifica, 1990.

International Sequential Advantages and Network Flexibility,” in Managing the Global Firm, Eds. C. Bartlett, Y. Doz, and G. Hedlund, 1989.

Entering the United States by Joint Ventures: Competitive Rivalry and Industry Structure,” (with H. Singh) in Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Eds. F. Contractor and P. Lorange, Lexington, MA: Lexington Press, 1988.

“Country Patterns in International Competition: Appropriability and Oligopolistic Agreement,” in Strategies in Global Competition, Eds. N. Hood and J.E. Vahlne, New York: Wiley, 1987.

Steel and the European Communities,” in European Approaches to International Management, Eds. W. Staehle and K. Marcharzina, Berlin: De Gruyter, 1985.

Foreign Direct Investment as a Sequential Process,” selected conference paper in The Multinational Corporation in the 1980's, Eds. C. P. Kindleberger and D. Audretsch, MIT Press, 1983; reprinted in International Financial Management, Ed. D. Lessard, New York: John Wiley, 1984; reprinted in The International Political Economy of Direct Investment, Eds. B. Gomes-Cassares and D. Yoffie, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edgar Elgar; reprinted in The Internationalization of the Firm, Eds. P. Buckley and P. Ghauri, London: Academic Press/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993.

Chapters in Books

Kogut and Andrew Spicer, “Transition Economies,” in J. Beckert and M. Zafirovski (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology, 2005.